August 15, 2004
Acorns

Here's a language question that I don't know the answer to.

In English, we usually name a fruit tree by the name of its fruit plus the word "tree". So: "apple tree", "orange tree", etc. But we have some exceptions. The only one I can think of is "acorn" -- "oak". The fruit name is not obviously related to the tree name. (Reference here amid an interesting but otherwise irrelevant discussion of "eggcorns")

In Czech they have "žalud" for acorn and "dub" for oak. There also exists the word "st'ep" which was translated for me as "apple tree". Unfortunately the online dictionary has "fruit tree", so I don't have a second species where the tree name is not obviously related to the fruit name.

And so the question is -- in what languages and for which tree species are the tree name and fruit name not related? I'm particularly interested in Indo-European languages -- especially if the words for "apple tree" and "apple" are unrelated, but I'll take anything.

UPDATE: French "gland" for acorn and "chęne" for oak, but "pomme/pommier" for apple/apple tree.
UPDATE 2: Finnish "terho" for acorn and "tammi" for oak, but "omena/omenapuu" for apple/apple tree.
UPDATE 3: German "Eichel/Eichbaum" for acorn/oak matches "Apfel/Apfelbaum" for apple/apple tree. That's the first IE language I've found that doesn't special-case acorn/oak.
UPDATE 4: Italian "ghianda" acorn and "quercia" oak vs. "mela/melo" for apple/apple tree. (The more generic "pomo" only appears in "pomo d'Adamo" - Adam's apple, in the dictionary I used.)
UPDATE 5: Spanish "bellota" acorn and "roble" nut vs. "manzana/manzano" for apple/apple tree.

Many oak/acorn names from this site: Local names for European mountain wildlife (apparently includes plants)

Posted by Sam at 05:31 AM
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Posted by Sam at 04:04 AM